Future/bison
1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/bison.git synced 2026-03-10 12:53:03 +00:00
Code Issues Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity
Files
57c429f305ff30bb2657a616632b3167069c13dc
bison/doc/bison.info-5
Akim Demaille db433e9db8 * doc/bison.texinfo (Location Tracking Calc): New node.
2001-08-29 12:16:04 +00:00

1037 lines
47 KiB
Plaintext
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters
This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.
Ceci est le fichier Info bison.info, produit par Makeinfo version 4.0b
à partir bison.texinfo.
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* bison: (bison). GNU Project parser generator (yacc replacement).
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
This file documents the Bison parser generator.
Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1998, 1999,
2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
preserved on all copies.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also
that the sections entitled "GNU General Public License" and "Conditions
for Using Bison" are included exactly as in the original, and provided
that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms
of a permission notice identical to this one.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
versions, except that the sections entitled "GNU General Public
License", "Conditions for Using Bison" and this permission notice may be
included in translations approved by the Free Software Foundation
instead of in the original English.

File: bison.info, Node: Table of Symbols, Next: Glossary, Prev: Invocation, Up: Top
Bison Symbols
*************
`error'
A token name reserved for error recovery. This token may be used
in grammar rules so as to allow the Bison parser to recognize an
error in the grammar without halting the process. In effect, a
sentence containing an error may be recognized as valid. On a
parse error, the token `error' becomes the current look-ahead
token. Actions corresponding to `error' are then executed, and
the look-ahead token is reset to the token that originally caused
the violation. *Note Error Recovery::.
`YYABORT'
Macro to pretend that an unrecoverable syntax error has occurred,
by making `yyparse' return 1 immediately. The error reporting
function `yyerror' is not called. *Note The Parser Function
`yyparse': Parser Function.
`YYACCEPT'
Macro to pretend that a complete utterance of the language has been
read, by making `yyparse' return 0 immediately. *Note The Parser
Function `yyparse': Parser Function.
`YYBACKUP'
Macro to discard a value from the parser stack and fake a
look-ahead token. *Note Special Features for Use in Actions:
Action Features.
`YYERROR'
Macro to pretend that a syntax error has just been detected: call
`yyerror' and then perform normal error recovery if possible
(*note Error Recovery::), or (if recovery is impossible) make
`yyparse' return 1. *Note Error Recovery::.
`YYERROR_VERBOSE'
Macro that you define with `#define' in the Bison declarations
section to request verbose, specific error message strings when
`yyerror' is called.
`YYINITDEPTH'
Macro for specifying the initial size of the parser stack. *Note
Stack Overflow::.
`YYLEX_PARAM'
Macro for specifying an extra argument (or list of extra
arguments) for `yyparse' to pass to `yylex'. *Note Calling
Conventions for Pure Parsers: Pure Calling.
`YYLTYPE'
Macro for the data type of `yylloc'; a structure with four
members. *Note Data Types of Locations: Location Type.
`yyltype'
Default value for YYLTYPE.
`YYMAXDEPTH'
Macro for specifying the maximum size of the parser stack. *Note
Stack Overflow::.
`YYPARSE_PARAM'
Macro for specifying the name of a parameter that `yyparse' should
accept. *Note Calling Conventions for Pure Parsers: Pure Calling.
`YYRECOVERING'
Macro whose value indicates whether the parser is recovering from a
syntax error. *Note Special Features for Use in Actions: Action
Features.
`YYSTACK_USE_ALLOCA'
Macro used to control the use of `alloca'. If defined to `0', the
parser will not use `alloca' but `malloc' when trying to grow its
internal stacks. Do _not_ define `YYSTACK_USE_ALLOCA' to anything
else.
`YYSTYPE'
Macro for the data type of semantic values; `int' by default.
*Note Data Types of Semantic Values: Value Type.
`yychar'
External integer variable that contains the integer value of the
current look-ahead token. (In a pure parser, it is a local
variable within `yyparse'.) Error-recovery rule actions may
examine this variable. *Note Special Features for Use in Actions:
Action Features.
`yyclearin'
Macro used in error-recovery rule actions. It clears the previous
look-ahead token. *Note Error Recovery::.
`yydebug'
External integer variable set to zero by default. If `yydebug' is
given a nonzero value, the parser will output information on input
symbols and parser action. *Note Debugging Your Parser: Debugging.
`yyerrok'
Macro to cause parser to recover immediately to its normal mode
after a parse error. *Note Error Recovery::.
`yyerror'
User-supplied function to be called by `yyparse' on error. The
function receives one argument, a pointer to a character string
containing an error message. *Note The Error Reporting Function
`yyerror': Error Reporting.
`yylex'
User-supplied lexical analyzer function, called with no arguments
to get the next token. *Note The Lexical Analyzer Function
`yylex': Lexical.
`yylval'
External variable in which `yylex' should place the semantic value
associated with a token. (In a pure parser, it is a local
variable within `yyparse', and its address is passed to `yylex'.)
*Note Semantic Values of Tokens: Token Values.
`yylloc'
External variable in which `yylex' should place the line and column
numbers associated with a token. (In a pure parser, it is a local
variable within `yyparse', and its address is passed to `yylex'.)
You can ignore this variable if you don't use the `@' feature in
the grammar actions. *Note Textual Positions of Tokens: Token
Positions.
`yynerrs'
Global variable which Bison increments each time there is a parse
error. (In a pure parser, it is a local variable within
`yyparse'.) *Note The Error Reporting Function `yyerror': Error
Reporting.
`yyparse'
The parser function produced by Bison; call this function to start
parsing. *Note The Parser Function `yyparse': Parser Function.
`%debug'
Equip the parser for debugging. *Note Decl Summary::.
`%defines'
Bison declaration to create a header file meant for the scanner.
*Note Decl Summary::.
`%left'
Bison declaration to assign left associativity to token(s). *Note
Operator Precedence: Precedence Decl.
`%no_lines'
Bison declaration to avoid generating `#line' directives in the
parser file. *Note Decl Summary::.
`%nonassoc'
Bison declaration to assign non-associativity to token(s). *Note
Operator Precedence: Precedence Decl.
`%prec'
Bison declaration to assign a precedence to a specific rule.
*Note Context-Dependent Precedence: Contextual Precedence.
`%pure_parser'
Bison declaration to request a pure (reentrant) parser. *Note A
Pure (Reentrant) Parser: Pure Decl.
`%right'
Bison declaration to assign right associativity to token(s).
*Note Operator Precedence: Precedence Decl.
`%start'
Bison declaration to specify the start symbol. *Note The
Start-Symbol: Start Decl.
`%token'
Bison declaration to declare token(s) without specifying
precedence. *Note Token Type Names: Token Decl.
`%token_table'
Bison declaration to include a token name table in the parser file.
*Note Decl Summary::.
`%type'
Bison declaration to declare nonterminals. *Note Nonterminal
Symbols: Type Decl.
`%union'
Bison declaration to specify several possible data types for
semantic values. *Note The Collection of Value Types: Union Decl.
These are the punctuation and delimiters used in Bison input:
`%%'
Delimiter used to separate the grammar rule section from the Bison
declarations section or the additional C code section. *Note The
Overall Layout of a Bison Grammar: Grammar Layout.
`%{ %}'
All code listed between `%{' and `%}' is copied directly to the
output file uninterpreted. Such code forms the "C declarations"
section of the input file. *Note Outline of a Bison Grammar:
Grammar Outline.
`/*...*/'
Comment delimiters, as in C.
`:'
Separates a rule's result from its components. *Note Syntax of
Grammar Rules: Rules.
`;'
Terminates a rule. *Note Syntax of Grammar Rules: Rules.
`|'
Separates alternate rules for the same result nonterminal. *Note
Syntax of Grammar Rules: Rules.

File: bison.info, Node: Glossary, Next: Copying This Manual, Prev: Table of Symbols, Up: Top
Glossary
********
Backus-Naur Form (BNF)
Formal method of specifying context-free grammars. BNF was first
used in the `ALGOL-60' report, 1963. *Note Languages and
Context-Free Grammars: Language and Grammar.
Context-free grammars
Grammars specified as rules that can be applied regardless of
context. Thus, if there is a rule which says that an integer can
be used as an expression, integers are allowed _anywhere_ an
expression is permitted. *Note Languages and Context-Free
Grammars: Language and Grammar.
Dynamic allocation
Allocation of memory that occurs during execution, rather than at
compile time or on entry to a function.
Empty string
Analogous to the empty set in set theory, the empty string is a
character string of length zero.
Finite-state stack machine
A "machine" that has discrete states in which it is said to exist
at each instant in time. As input to the machine is processed, the
machine moves from state to state as specified by the logic of the
machine. In the case of the parser, the input is the language
being parsed, and the states correspond to various stages in the
grammar rules. *Note The Bison Parser Algorithm: Algorithm.
Grouping
A language construct that is (in general) grammatically divisible;
for example, `expression' or `declaration' in C. *Note Languages
and Context-Free Grammars: Language and Grammar.
Infix operator
An arithmetic operator that is placed between the operands on
which it performs some operation.
Input stream
A continuous flow of data between devices or programs.
Language construct
One of the typical usage schemas of the language. For example,
one of the constructs of the C language is the `if' statement.
*Note Languages and Context-Free Grammars: Language and Grammar.
Left associativity
Operators having left associativity are analyzed from left to
right: `a+b+c' first computes `a+b' and then combines with `c'.
*Note Operator Precedence: Precedence.
Left recursion
A rule whose result symbol is also its first component symbol; for
example, `expseq1 : expseq1 ',' exp;'. *Note Recursive Rules:
Recursion.
Left-to-right parsing
Parsing a sentence of a language by analyzing it token by token
from left to right. *Note The Bison Parser Algorithm: Algorithm.
Lexical analyzer (scanner)
A function that reads an input stream and returns tokens one by
one. *Note The Lexical Analyzer Function `yylex': Lexical.
Lexical tie-in
A flag, set by actions in the grammar rules, which alters the way
tokens are parsed. *Note Lexical Tie-ins::.
Literal string token
A token which consists of two or more fixed characters. *Note
Symbols::.
Look-ahead token
A token already read but not yet shifted. *Note Look-Ahead
Tokens: Look-Ahead.
LALR(1)
The class of context-free grammars that Bison (like most other
parser generators) can handle; a subset of LR(1). *Note
Mysterious Reduce/Reduce Conflicts: Mystery Conflicts.
LR(1)
The class of context-free grammars in which at most one token of
look-ahead is needed to disambiguate the parsing of any piece of
input.
Nonterminal symbol
A grammar symbol standing for a grammatical construct that can be
expressed through rules in terms of smaller constructs; in other
words, a construct that is not a token. *Note Symbols::.
Parse error
An error encountered during parsing of an input stream due to
invalid syntax. *Note Error Recovery::.
Parser
A function that recognizes valid sentences of a language by
analyzing the syntax structure of a set of tokens passed to it
from a lexical analyzer.
Postfix operator
An arithmetic operator that is placed after the operands upon
which it performs some operation.
Reduction
Replacing a string of nonterminals and/or terminals with a single
nonterminal, according to a grammar rule. *Note The Bison Parser
Algorithm: Algorithm.
Reentrant
A reentrant subprogram is a subprogram which can be in invoked any
number of times in parallel, without interference between the
various invocations. *Note A Pure (Reentrant) Parser: Pure Decl.
Reverse polish notation
A language in which all operators are postfix operators.
Right recursion
A rule whose result symbol is also its last component symbol; for
example, `expseq1: exp ',' expseq1;'. *Note Recursive Rules:
Recursion.
Semantics
In computer languages, the semantics are specified by the actions
taken for each instance of the language, i.e., the meaning of each
statement. *Note Defining Language Semantics: Semantics.
Shift
A parser is said to shift when it makes the choice of analyzing
further input from the stream rather than reducing immediately some
already-recognized rule. *Note The Bison Parser Algorithm:
Algorithm.
Single-character literal
A single character that is recognized and interpreted as is.
*Note From Formal Rules to Bison Input: Grammar in Bison.
Start symbol
The nonterminal symbol that stands for a complete valid utterance
in the language being parsed. The start symbol is usually listed
as the first nonterminal symbol in a language specification.
*Note The Start-Symbol: Start Decl.
Symbol table
A data structure where symbol names and associated data are stored
during parsing to allow for recognition and use of existing
information in repeated uses of a symbol. *Note Multi-function
Calc::.
Token
A basic, grammatically indivisible unit of a language. The symbol
that describes a token in the grammar is a terminal symbol. The
input of the Bison parser is a stream of tokens which comes from
the lexical analyzer. *Note Symbols::.
Terminal symbol
A grammar symbol that has no rules in the grammar and therefore is
grammatically indivisible. The piece of text it represents is a
token. *Note Languages and Context-Free Grammars: Language and
Grammar.

File: bison.info, Node: Copying This Manual, Next: Index, Prev: Glossary, Up: Top
Copying This Manual
*******************
* Menu:
* GNU Free Documentation License:: License for copying this manual.

File: bison.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Copying This Manual
GNU Free Documentation License
==============================
Version 1.1, March 2000
Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
0. PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
modifications made by others.
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.
It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms
that the software does. But this License is not limited to
software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless
of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book.
We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is
instruction or reference.
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to
any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee,
and is addressed as "you".
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter
section of the Document that deals exclusively with the
relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the
Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains
nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject.
(For example, if the Document is in part a textbook of
mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.)
The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with
the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial,
philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.
The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose
titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in
the notice that says that the Document is released under this
License.
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are
listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice
that says that the Document is released under this License.
A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly
and straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images
composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some
widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to
text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of
formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an
otherwise Transparent file format whose markup has been designed
to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not
Transparent. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format,
SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and
standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human modification.
Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that
can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML
or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some word
processors for output purposes only.
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
material this License requires to appear in the title page. For
works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title
Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the
work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
2. VERBATIM COPYING
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License
applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you
add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You
may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading
or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However,
you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you
distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow
the conditions in section 3.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,
and you may publicly display copies.
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than
100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you
must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly,
all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly
and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The
front cover must present the full title with all words of the
title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material
on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the
covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and
satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in
other respects.
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
adjacent pages.
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
numbering more than 100, you must either include a
machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or
state in or with each Opaque copy a publicly-accessible
computer-network location containing a complete Transparent copy
of the Document, free of added material, which the general
network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the
latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you
begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that
this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
location until at least one year after the last time you
distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or
retailers) of that edition to the public.
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
the Document well before redistributing any large number of
copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated
version of the Document.
4. MODIFICATIONS
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document
under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you
release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with
the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus
licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to
whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these
things in the Modified Version:
A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
distinct from that of the Document, and from those of
previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed
in the History section of the Document). You may use the
same title as a previous version if the original publisher of
that version gives permission.
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in
the Modified Version, together with at least five of the
principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
authors, if it has less than five).
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
Modified Version, as the publisher.
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
notice giving the public permission to use the Modified
Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in
the Addendum below.
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's
license notice.
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and
add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on
the Title Page. If there is no section entitled "History" in
the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors,
and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page,
then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in
the previous sentence.
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
likewise the network locations given in the Document for
previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in
the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a
work that was published at least four years before the
Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version
it refers to gives permission.
K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgments" or "Dedications",
preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all
the substance and tone of each of the contributor
acknowledgments and/or dedications given therein.
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
or the equivalent are not considered part of the section
titles.
M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
may not be included in the Modified Version.
N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to
conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
material copied from the Document, you may at your option
designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this,
add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified
Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any
other section titles.
You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text
has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
definition of a standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end
of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one
passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be
added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the
Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,
previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity
you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous
publisher that added the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
You may combine the Document with other documents released under
this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
modified versions, provided that you include in the combination
all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
combined work in its license notice.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name
but different contents, make the title of each such section unique
by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in
the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled
"History" in the various original documents, forming one section
entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled
"Acknowledgments", and any sections entitled "Dedications". You
must delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
documents released under this License, and replace the individual
copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the
documents in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert
a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow
this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of
that document.
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of
a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a
Modified Version of the Document, provided no compilation
copyright is claimed for the compilation. Such a compilation is
called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the
other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document, on
account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves
derivative works of the Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one
quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be
placed on covers that surround only the Document within the
aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole
aggregate.
8. TRANSLATION
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License provided that you also include the
original English version of this License. In case of a
disagreement between the translation and the original English
version of this License, the original English version will prevail.
9. TERMINATION
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other
attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights,
from you under this License will not have their licenses
terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
`http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/'.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered
version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you
have the option of following the terms and conditions either of
that specified version or of any later version that has been
published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If
the Document does not specify a version number of this License,
you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the
Free Software Foundation.
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
----------------------------------------------------
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
notices just after the title page:
Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
Free Documentation License''.
If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"
instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no Front-Cover
Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being
LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to
permit their use in free software.

File: bison.info, Node: Index, Prev: Copying This Manual, Up: Top
Index
*****
* Menu:
* $$: Actions.
* $N: Actions.
* %expect: Expect Decl.
* %left: Using Precedence.
* %nonassoc: Using Precedence.
* %prec: Contextual Precedence.
* %pure_parser: Pure Decl.
* %right: Using Precedence.
* %start: Start Decl.
* %token: Token Decl.
* %type: Type Decl.
* %union: Union Decl.
* @$ <1>: Action Features.
* @$: Actions and Locations.
* @N <1>: Action Features.
* @N: Actions and Locations.
* action: Actions.
* action data types: Action Types.
* action features summary: Action Features.
* actions in mid-rule: Mid-Rule Actions.
* actions, location: Actions and Locations.
* actions, semantic: Semantic Actions.
* additional C code section: C Code.
* algorithm of parser: Algorithm.
* associativity: Why Precedence.
* Backus-Naur form: Language and Grammar.
* Bison declaration summary: Decl Summary.
* Bison declarations: Declarations.
* Bison declarations (introduction): Bison Declarations.
* Bison grammar: Grammar in Bison.
* Bison invocation: Invocation.
* Bison parser: Bison Parser.
* Bison parser algorithm: Algorithm.
* Bison symbols, table of: Table of Symbols.
* Bison utility: Bison Parser.
* BISON_HAIRY: Environment Variables.
* BISON_SIMPLE: Environment Variables.
* BNF: Language and Grammar.
* C code, section for additional: C Code.
* C declarations section: C Declarations.
* C-language interface: Interface.
* calc: Infix Calc.
* calculator, infix notation: Infix Calc.
* calculator, location tracking: Location Tracking Calc.
* calculator, multi-function: Multi-function Calc.
* calculator, simple: RPN Calc.
* character token: Symbols.
* compiling the parser: Rpcalc Compile.
* conflicts: Shift/Reduce.
* conflicts, reduce/reduce: Reduce/Reduce.
* conflicts, suppressing warnings of: Expect Decl.
* context-dependent precedence: Contextual Precedence.
* context-free grammar: Language and Grammar.
* controlling function: Rpcalc Main.
* dangling else: Shift/Reduce.
* data type of locations: Location Type.
* data types in actions: Action Types.
* data types of semantic values: Value Type.
* debugging: Debugging.
* declaration summary: Decl Summary.
* declarations, Bison: Declarations.
* declarations, Bison (introduction): Bison Declarations.
* declarations, C: C Declarations.
* declaring literal string tokens: Token Decl.
* declaring operator precedence: Precedence Decl.
* declaring the start symbol: Start Decl.
* declaring token type names: Token Decl.
* declaring value types: Union Decl.
* declaring value types, nonterminals: Type Decl.
* default action: Actions.
* default data type: Value Type.
* default location type: Location Type.
* default stack limit: Stack Overflow.
* default start symbol: Start Decl.
* defining language semantics: Semantics.
* else, dangling: Shift/Reduce.
* environment variables: Environment Variables.
* error: Error Recovery.
* error recovery: Error Recovery.
* error recovery, simple: Simple Error Recovery.
* error reporting function: Error Reporting.
* error reporting routine: Rpcalc Error.
* examples, simple: Examples.
* exercises: Exercises.
* FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License.
* file format: Grammar Layout.
* finite-state machine: Parser States.
* formal grammar: Grammar in Bison.
* format of grammar file: Grammar Layout.
* glossary: Glossary.
* grammar file: Grammar Layout.
* grammar rule syntax: Rules.
* grammar rules section: Grammar Rules.
* grammar, Bison: Grammar in Bison.
* grammar, context-free: Language and Grammar.
* grouping, syntactic: Language and Grammar.
* infix notation calculator: Infix Calc.
* interface: Interface.
* introduction: Introduction.
* invoking Bison: Invocation.
* invoking Bison under VMS: VMS Invocation.
* LALR(1): Mystery Conflicts.
* language semantics, defining: Semantics.
* layout of Bison grammar: Grammar Layout.
* left recursion: Recursion.
* lexical analyzer: Lexical.
* lexical analyzer, purpose: Bison Parser.
* lexical analyzer, writing: Rpcalc Lexer.
* lexical tie-in: Lexical Tie-ins.
* literal string token: Symbols.
* literal token: Symbols.
* location <1>: Locations.
* location: Locations Overview.
* location actions: Actions and Locations.
* location tracking calculator: Location Tracking Calc.
* look-ahead token: Look-Ahead.
* LR(1): Mystery Conflicts.
* ltcalc: Location Tracking Calc.
* main function in simple example: Rpcalc Main.
* mfcalc: Multi-function Calc.
* mid-rule actions: Mid-Rule Actions.
* multi-function calculator: Multi-function Calc.
* multicharacter literal: Symbols.
* mutual recursion: Recursion.
* nonterminal symbol: Symbols.
* operator precedence: Precedence.
* operator precedence, declaring: Precedence Decl.
* options for invoking Bison: Invocation.
* overflow of parser stack: Stack Overflow.
* parse error: Error Reporting.
* parser: Bison Parser.
* parser stack: Algorithm.
* parser stack overflow: Stack Overflow.
* parser state: Parser States.
* polish notation calculator: RPN Calc.
* position, textual <1>: Locations.
* position, textual: Locations Overview.
* precedence declarations: Precedence Decl.
* precedence of operators: Precedence.
* precedence, context-dependent: Contextual Precedence.
* precedence, unary operator: Contextual Precedence.
* preventing warnings about conflicts: Expect Decl.
* pure parser: Pure Decl.
* recovery from errors: Error Recovery.
* recursive rule: Recursion.
* reduce/reduce conflict: Reduce/Reduce.
* reduction: Algorithm.
* reentrant parser: Pure Decl.
* reverse polish notation: RPN Calc.
* right recursion: Recursion.
* rpcalc: RPN Calc.
* rule syntax: Rules.
* rules section for grammar: Grammar Rules.
* running Bison (introduction): Rpcalc Gen.
* semantic actions: Semantic Actions.
* semantic value: Semantic Values.
* semantic value type: Value Type.
* shift/reduce conflicts: Shift/Reduce.
* shifting: Algorithm.
* simple examples: Examples.
* single-character literal: Symbols.
* stack overflow: Stack Overflow.
* stack, parser: Algorithm.
* stages in using Bison: Stages.
* start symbol: Language and Grammar.
* start symbol, declaring: Start Decl.
* state (of parser): Parser States.
* string token: Symbols.
* summary, action features: Action Features.
* summary, Bison declaration: Decl Summary.
* suppressing conflict warnings: Expect Decl.
* symbol: Symbols.
* symbol table example: Mfcalc Symtab.
* symbols (abstract): Language and Grammar.
* symbols in Bison, table of: Table of Symbols.
* syntactic grouping: Language and Grammar.
* syntax error: Error Reporting.
* syntax of grammar rules: Rules.
* terminal symbol: Symbols.
* textual position <1>: Locations.
* textual position: Locations Overview.
* token: Language and Grammar.
* token type: Symbols.
* token type names, declaring: Token Decl.
* tracing the parser: Debugging.
* unary operator precedence: Contextual Precedence.
* using Bison: Stages.
* value type, semantic: Value Type.
* value types, declaring: Union Decl.
* value types, nonterminals, declaring: Type Decl.
* value, semantic: Semantic Values.
* VMS: VMS Invocation.
* warnings, preventing: Expect Decl.
* writing a lexical analyzer: Rpcalc Lexer.
* YYABORT: Parser Function.
* YYACCEPT: Parser Function.
* YYBACKUP: Action Features.
* yychar: Look-Ahead.
* yyclearin: Error Recovery.
* yydebug: Debugging.
* YYDEBUG: Debugging.
* YYEMPTY: Action Features.
* yyerrok: Error Recovery.
* YYERROR: Action Features.
* yyerror: Error Reporting.
* YYERROR_VERBOSE: Error Reporting.
* YYINITDEPTH: Stack Overflow.
* yylex: Lexical.
* YYLEX_PARAM: Pure Calling.
* yylloc: Token Positions.
* YYLLOC_DEFAULT: Location Default Action.
* YYLTYPE: Token Positions.
* yylval: Token Values.
* YYMAXDEPTH: Stack Overflow.
* yynerrs: Error Reporting.
* yyparse: Parser Function.
* YYPARSE_PARAM: Pure Calling.
* YYPRINT: Debugging.
* YYRECOVERING: Error Recovery.
* |: Rules.
Reference in New Issue View Git Blame Copy Permalink