bison/examples/c/reccalc/parse.y

// Prologue (directives).
%expect 0

// Emitted in the header file, before the definition of YYSTYPE.
%code requires
{
  #ifndef YY_TYPEDEF_YY_SCANNER_T
  # define YY_TYPEDEF_YY_SCANNER_T
  typedef void* yyscan_t;
  #endif

  typedef struct
  {
    // Whether to print the intermediate results.
    int verbose;
    // Value of the last computation.
    int value;
    // Number of errors.
    int nerrs;
  } result;
}

// Emitted in the header file, after the definition of YYSTYPE.
%code provides
{
  // Tell Flex the expected prototype of yylex.
  // The scanner argument must be named yyscanner.
#define YY_DECL                                                         \
  yytoken_kind_t yylex (YYSTYPE* yylval, yyscan_t yyscanner, result *res)
  YY_DECL;

  void yyerror (yyscan_t scanner, result *res, const char *msg, ...);
}

// Emitted on top of the implementation file.
%code top
{
#include <stdarg.h> // va_list.
#include <stdio.h>  // printf.
#include <stdlib.h> // getenv.
}

%code
{
  result parse_string (const char* cp);
  result parse (void);
}

%define api.pure full
%define api.token.prefix {TOK_}
%define api.value.type union
%define parse.error verbose
%define parse.trace
%verbose

 // Scanner and error count are exchanged between main, yyparse and yylex.
%param {yyscan_t scanner}{result *res}

%token
  PLUS   "+"
  MINUS  "-"
  STAR   "*"
  SLASH  "/"
  EOL    "end-of-line"
  EOF 0  "end-of-file"
;

%token <int> NUM "number"
%type <int> exp
%printer { fprintf (yyo, "%d", $$); } <int>

%token <char*> STR "string"
%printer { fprintf (yyo, "\"%s\"", $$); } <char*>
%destructor { free ($$); } <char*>

// Precedence (from lowest to highest) and associativity.
%left "+" "-"
%left "*" "/"
%precedence UNARY

%%
// Rules.
input:
  line
| input line
;

line:
  exp eol
    {
      res->value = $exp;
      if (res->verbose)
        printf ("%d\n", $exp);
    }
| error eol
    {
      yyerrok;
    }
;

eol:
  EOF
| EOL
;

exp:
  NUM           { $$ = $1; }
| exp "+" exp   { $$ = $1 + $3; }
| exp "-" exp   { $$ = $1 - $3; }
| exp "*" exp   { $$ = $1 * $3; }
| exp "/" exp
  {
    if ($3 == 0)
      {
        yyerror (scanner, res, "invalid division by zero");
        YYERROR;
      }
    else
      $$ = $1 / $3;
  }
| "+" exp %prec UNARY  { $$ = + $2; }
| "-" exp %prec UNARY  { $$ = - $2; }
| STR
  {
    result r = parse_string ($1);
    free ($1);
    if (r.nerrs)
      {
        res->nerrs += r.nerrs;
        YYERROR;
      }
    else
      $$ = r.value;
  }
;

%%
// Epilogue (C code).
#include "scan.h"

result
parse (void)
{
  yyscan_t scanner;
  yylex_init (&scanner);
  result res = {1, 0, 0};
  yyparse (scanner, &res);
  yylex_destroy (scanner);
  return res;
}

result
parse_string (const char *str)
{
  yyscan_t scanner;
  yylex_init (&scanner);
  YY_BUFFER_STATE buf = yy_scan_string (str ? str : "", scanner);
  result res = {0, 0, 0};
  yyparse (scanner, &res);
  yy_delete_buffer (buf, scanner);
  yylex_destroy (scanner);
  return res;
}

void
yyerror (yyscan_t scanner, result *res,
         const char *msg, ...)
{
  (void) scanner;
  va_list args;
  va_start (args, msg);
  vfprintf (stderr, msg, args);
  va_end (args);
  fputc ('\n', stderr);
  res->nerrs += 1;
}

int
main (void)
{
  // Possibly enable parser runtime debugging.
  yydebug = !!getenv ("YYDEBUG");
  result res = parse ();
  // Exit on failure if there were errors.
  return !!res.nerrs;
}