Factor out program-independent warning diagnostic code (#1725)

Makefile

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ rgbasm_obj := \
 	src/asm/warning.o \
 	src/extern/getopt.o \
 	src/extern/utf8decoder.o \
+	src/diagnostics.o \
 	src/error.o \
 	src/linkdefs.o \
 	src/opmath.o \

include/asm/main.hpp

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 #include <string>
 
 extern bool verbose;
-extern bool warnings; // True to enable warnings, false to disable them.
 
 extern FILE *dependFile;
 extern std::string targetFileName;

include/asm/warning.hpp

@@ -3,8 +3,17 @@
 #ifndef RGBDS_ASM_WARNING_HPP
 #define RGBDS_ASM_WARNING_HPP
 
+#include "diagnostics.hpp"
+
 extern unsigned int nbErrors, maxErrors;
 
+enum WarningLevel {
+	LEVEL_DEFAULT,    // Warnings that are enabled by default
+	LEVEL_ALL,        // Warnings that probably indicate an error
+	LEVEL_EXTRA,      // Warnings that are less likely to indicate an error
+	LEVEL_EVERYTHING, // Literally every warning
+};
+
 enum WarningID {
 	WARNING_ASSERT,               // Assertions
 	WARNING_BACKWARDS_FOR,        // `FOR` loop with backwards range
@@ -43,24 +52,7 @@ enum WarningID {
 	NB_WARNINGS,
 };
 
-enum WarningAbled { WARNING_DEFAULT, WARNING_ENABLED, WARNING_DISABLED };
+extern Diagnostics<WarningLevel, WarningID> warnings;
-
-struct WarningState {
-	WarningAbled state;
-	WarningAbled error;
-
-	void update(WarningState other);
-};
-
-struct Diagnostics {
-	WarningState flagStates[NB_WARNINGS];
-	WarningState metaStates[NB_WARNINGS];
-};
-
-extern Diagnostics warningStates;
-extern bool warningsAreErrors;
-
-void processWarningFlag(char const *flag);
 
 // Used to warn the user about problems that don't prevent the generation of
 // valid code.

include/diagnostics.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#ifndef RGBDS_DIAGNOSTICS_HPP
+#define RGBDS_DIAGNOSTICS_HPP
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <optional>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "error.hpp"
+#include "helpers.hpp"
+#include "itertools.hpp"
+
+enum WarningAbled { WARNING_DEFAULT, WARNING_ENABLED, WARNING_DISABLED };
+
+struct WarningState {
+	WarningAbled state;
+	WarningAbled error;
+
+	void update(WarningState other);
+};
+
+std::pair<WarningState, std::optional<uint8_t>> getInitialWarningState(std::string &flag);
+
+template<typename L>
+struct WarningFlag {
+	char const *name;
+	L level;
+};
+
+enum WarningBehavior { DISABLED, ENABLED, ERROR };
+
+template<typename W>
+struct ParamWarning {
+	W firstID;
+	W lastID;
+	uint8_t defaultLevel;
+};
+
+template<typename W>
+struct DiagnosticsState {
+	WarningState flagStates[W::NB_WARNINGS];
+	WarningState metaStates[W::NB_WARNINGS];
+	bool warningsEnabled = true;
+	bool warningsAreErrors = false;
+};
+
+template<typename L, typename W>
+struct Diagnostics {
+	std::vector<WarningFlag<L>> metaWarnings;
+	std::vector<WarningFlag<L>> warningFlags;
+	std::vector<ParamWarning<W>> paramWarnings;
+	DiagnosticsState<W> state;
+
+	WarningBehavior getWarningBehavior(W id) const;
+	std::string processWarningFlag(char const *flag);
+};
+
+template<typename L, typename W>
+WarningBehavior Diagnostics<L, W>::getWarningBehavior(W id) const {
+	// Check if warnings are globally disabled
+	if (!state.warningsEnabled) {
+		return WarningBehavior::DISABLED;
+	}
+
+	// Get the state of this warning flag
+	WarningState const &flagState = state.flagStates[id];
+	WarningState const &metaState = state.metaStates[id];
+
+	// If subsequent checks determine that the warning flag is enabled, this checks whether it has
+	// -Werror without -Wno-error=<flag> or -Wno-error=<meta>, which makes it into an error
+	bool warningIsError = state.warningsAreErrors && flagState.error != WARNING_DISABLED
+	                      && metaState.error != WARNING_DISABLED;
+	WarningBehavior enabledBehavior =
+	    warningIsError ? WarningBehavior::ERROR : WarningBehavior::ENABLED;
+
+	// First, check the state of the specific warning flag
+	if (flagState.state == WARNING_DISABLED) { // -Wno-<flag>
+		return WarningBehavior::DISABLED;
+	}
+	if (flagState.error == WARNING_ENABLED) { // -Werror=<flag>
+		return WarningBehavior::ERROR;
+	}
+	if (flagState.state == WARNING_ENABLED) { // -W<flag>
+		return enabledBehavior;
+	}
+
+	// If no flag is specified, check the state of the "meta" flags that affect this warning flag
+	if (metaState.state == WARNING_DISABLED) { // -Wno-<meta>
+		return WarningBehavior::DISABLED;
+	}
+	if (metaState.error == WARNING_ENABLED) { // -Werror=<meta>
+		return WarningBehavior::ERROR;
+	}
+	if (metaState.state == WARNING_ENABLED) { // -W<meta>
+		return enabledBehavior;
+	}
+
+	// If no meta flag is specified, check the default state of this warning flag
+	if (warningFlags[id].level == L::LEVEL_DEFAULT) { // enabled by default
+		return enabledBehavior;
+	}
+
+	// No flag enables this warning, explicitly or implicitly
+	return WarningBehavior::DISABLED;
+}
+
+template<typename L, typename W>
+std::string Diagnostics<L, W>::processWarningFlag(char const *flag) {
+	std::string rootFlag = flag;
+
+	// Check for `-Werror` or `-Wno-error` to return early
+	if (rootFlag == "error") {
+		// `-Werror` promotes warnings to errors
+		state.warningsAreErrors = true;
+		return rootFlag;
+	} else if (rootFlag == "no-error") {
+		// `-Wno-error` disables promotion of warnings to errors
+		state.warningsAreErrors = false;
+		return rootFlag;
+	}
+
+	auto [flagState, param] = getInitialWarningState(rootFlag);
+
+	// Try to match the flag against a parametric warning
+	// If there was an equals sign, it will have set `param`; if not, `param` will be 0, which
+	// applies to all levels
+	for (auto const &paramWarning : paramWarnings) {
+		W baseID = paramWarning.firstID;
+		uint8_t maxParam = paramWarning.lastID - baseID + 1;
+		assume(paramWarning.defaultLevel <= maxParam);
+
+		if (rootFlag == warningFlags[baseID].name) { // Match!
+			// If making the warning an error but param is 0, set to the maximum
+			// This accommodates `-Werror=<flag>`, but also `-Werror=<flag>=0`, which is
+			// thus filtered out by the caller.
+			// A param of 0 makes sense for disabling everything, but neither for
+			// enabling nor "erroring". Use the default for those.
+			if (!param.has_value() || *param == 0) {
+				param = paramWarning.defaultLevel;
+			} else if (*param > maxParam) {
+				if (*param != 255) { // Don't warn if already capped
+					warnx(
+					    "Invalid parameter %" PRIu8
+					    " for warning flag \"%s\"; capping at maximum %" PRIu8,
+					    *param,
+					    rootFlag.c_str(),
+					    maxParam
+					);
+				}
+				*param = maxParam;
+			}
+
+			// Set the first <param> to enabled/error, and disable the rest
+			for (uint8_t ofs = 0; ofs < maxParam; ofs++) {
+				WarningState &warning = state.flagStates[baseID + ofs];
+				if (ofs < *param) {
+					warning.update(flagState);
+				} else {
+					warning.state = WARNING_DISABLED;
+				}
+			}
+			return rootFlag;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Try to match against a non-parametric warning, unless there was an equals sign
+	if (!param.has_value()) {
+		// Try to match against a "meta" warning
+		for (WarningFlag<L> const &metaWarning : metaWarnings) {
+			if (rootFlag == metaWarning.name) {
+				// Set each of the warning flags that meets this level
+				for (W id : EnumSeq(W::NB_WARNINGS)) {
+					if (metaWarning.level >= warningFlags[id].level) {
+						state.metaStates[id].update(flagState);
+					}
+				}
+				return rootFlag;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Try to match the flag against a "normal" flag
+		for (W id : EnumSeq(W::NB_PLAIN_WARNINGS)) {
+			if (rootFlag == warningFlags[id].name) {
+				state.flagStates[id].update(flagState);
+				return rootFlag;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	warnx("Unknown warning flag \"%s\"", flag);
+	return rootFlag;
+}
+
+#endif // RGBDS_DIAGNOSTICS_HPP

src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ set(rgbasm_src
     "asm/symbol.cpp"
     "asm/warning.cpp"
     "extern/utf8decoder.cpp"
+    "diagnostics.cpp"
     "linkdefs.cpp"
     "opmath.cpp"
     "util.cpp"

src/asm/main.cpp

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ bool generatePhonyDeps = false;        // -MP
 std::string targetFileName;            // -MQ, -MT
 bool failedOnMissingInclude = false;
 bool verbose = false; // -v
-bool warnings = true; // -w
 
 // Escapes Make-special chars from a string
 static std::string make_escape(std::string &str) {
@@ -330,7 +329,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 			break;
 
 		case 'w':
-			warnings = false;
+			warnings.state.warningsEnabled = false;
 			break;
 
 			unsigned long maxValue;

src/asm/opt.cpp

@@ -18,9 +18,8 @@ struct OptStackEntry {
 	char gfxDigits[4];
 	uint8_t fixPrecision;
 	uint8_t fillByte;
-	bool warningsAreErrors;
 	size_t maxRecursionDepth;
-	Diagnostics warningStates;
+	DiagnosticsState<WarningID> warningStates;
 };
 
 static std::stack<OptStackEntry> stack;
@@ -47,7 +46,9 @@ void opt_R(size_t newDepth) {
 }
 
 void opt_W(char const *flag) {
-	processWarningFlag(flag);
+	if (warnings.processWarningFlag(flag) == "numeric-string") {
+		warning(WARNING_OBSOLETE, "Warning flag \"numeric-string\" is deprecated\n");
+	}
 }
 
 void opt_Parse(char const *s) {
@@ -158,9 +159,7 @@ void opt_Push() {
 
 	entry.fillByte = fillByte; // Pulled from section.hpp
 
-	// Both of these pulled from warning.hpp
+	entry.warningStates = warnings.state; // Pulled from warning.hpp
-	entry.warningsAreErrors = warningsAreErrors;
-	entry.warningStates = warningStates;
 
 	entry.maxRecursionDepth = maxRecursionDepth; // Pulled from fstack.h
 
@@ -182,9 +181,8 @@ void opt_Pop() {
 	opt_Q(entry.fixPrecision);
 	opt_R(entry.maxRecursionDepth);
 
-	// opt_W does not apply a whole warning state; it processes one flag string
+	// `opt_W` does not apply a whole warning state; it processes one flag string
-	warningsAreErrors = entry.warningsAreErrors;
+	warnings.state = entry.warningStates;
-	warningStates = entry.warningStates;
 }
 
 void opt_CheckStack() {

src/asm/warning.cpp

@@ -20,28 +20,14 @@
 unsigned int nbErrors = 0;
 unsigned int maxErrors = 0;
 
-Diagnostics warningStates;
+// clang-format off: nested initializers
-bool warningsAreErrors;
+Diagnostics<WarningLevel, WarningID> warnings = {
-
+    .metaWarnings = {
-enum WarningLevel {
-	LEVEL_DEFAULT,    // Warnings that are enabled by default
-	LEVEL_ALL,        // Warnings that probably indicate an error
-	LEVEL_EXTRA,      // Warnings that are less likely to indicate an error
-	LEVEL_EVERYTHING, // Literally every warning
-};
-
-struct WarningFlag {
-	char const *name;
-	WarningLevel level;
-};
-
-static WarningFlag const metaWarnings[] = {
         {"all",                  LEVEL_ALL       },
         {"extra",                LEVEL_EXTRA     },
         {"everything",           LEVEL_EVERYTHING},
-};
+    },
-
+    .warningFlags = {
-static WarningFlag const warningFlags[NB_WARNINGS] = {
         {"assert",               LEVEL_DEFAULT   },
         {"backwards-for",        LEVEL_ALL       },
         {"builtin-args",         LEVEL_ALL       },
@@ -68,232 +54,16 @@ static WarningFlag const warningFlags[NB_WARNINGS] = {
         {"truncation",           LEVEL_EXTRA     },
         {"unmapped-char",        LEVEL_DEFAULT   },
         {"unmapped-char",        LEVEL_ALL       },
-};
+    },
-
+    .paramWarnings = {
-static const struct {
-	WarningID firstID;
-	WarningID lastID;
-	uint8_t defaultLevel;
-} paramWarnings[] = {
         {WARNING_NUMERIC_STRING_1, WARNING_NUMERIC_STRING_2, 1},
         {WARNING_PURGE_1,          WARNING_PURGE_2,          1},
         {WARNING_TRUNCATION_1,     WARNING_TRUNCATION_2,     2},
         {WARNING_UNMAPPED_CHAR_1,  WARNING_UNMAPPED_CHAR_2,  1},
+    },
+    .state = DiagnosticsState<WarningID>(),
 };
-
+// clang-format on
-enum WarningBehavior { DISABLED, ENABLED, ERROR };
-
-static WarningBehavior getWarningBehavior(WarningID id) {
-	// Check if warnings are globally disabled
-	if (!warnings) {
-		return WarningBehavior::DISABLED;
-	}
-
-	// Get the state of this warning flag
-	WarningState const &flagState = warningStates.flagStates[id];
-	WarningState const &metaState = warningStates.metaStates[id];
-
-	// If subsequent checks determine that the warning flag is enabled, this checks whether it has
-	// -Werror without -Wno-error=<flag> or -Wno-error=<meta>, which makes it into an error
-	bool warningIsError = warningsAreErrors && flagState.error != WARNING_DISABLED
-	                      && metaState.error != WARNING_DISABLED;
-	WarningBehavior enabledBehavior =
-	    warningIsError ? WarningBehavior::ERROR : WarningBehavior::ENABLED;
-
-	// First, check the state of the specific warning flag
-	if (flagState.state == WARNING_DISABLED) { // -Wno-<flag>
-		return WarningBehavior::DISABLED;
-	}
-	if (flagState.error == WARNING_ENABLED) { // -Werror=<flag>
-		return WarningBehavior::ERROR;
-	}
-	if (flagState.state == WARNING_ENABLED) { // -W<flag>
-		return enabledBehavior;
-	}
-
-	// If no flag is specified, check the state of the "meta" flags that affect this warning flag
-	if (metaState.state == WARNING_DISABLED) { // -Wno-<meta>
-		return WarningBehavior::DISABLED;
-	}
-	if (metaState.error == WARNING_ENABLED) { // -Werror=<meta>
-		return WarningBehavior::ERROR;
-	}
-	if (metaState.state == WARNING_ENABLED) { // -W<meta>
-		return enabledBehavior;
-	}
-
-	// If no meta flag is specified, check the default state of this warning flag
-	if (warningFlags[id].level == LEVEL_DEFAULT) { // enabled by default
-		return enabledBehavior;
-	}
-
-	// No flag enables this warning, explicitly or implicitly
-	return WarningBehavior::DISABLED;
-}
-
-void WarningState::update(WarningState other) {
-	if (other.state != WARNING_DEFAULT) {
-		state = other.state;
-	}
-	if (other.error != WARNING_DEFAULT) {
-		error = other.error;
-	}
-}
-
-void processWarningFlag(char const *flag) {
-	std::string rootFlag = flag;
-
-	// Check for `-Werror` or `-Wno-error` to return early
-	if (rootFlag == "error") {
-		// `-Werror` promotes warnings to errors
-		warningsAreErrors = true;
-		return;
-	} else if (rootFlag == "no-error") {
-		// `-Wno-error` disables promotion of warnings to errors
-		warningsAreErrors = false;
-		return;
-	}
-
-	// Check for prefixes that affect what the flag does
-	WarningState state;
-	if (rootFlag.starts_with("error=")) {
-		// `-Werror=<flag>` enables the flag as an error
-		state = {.state = WARNING_ENABLED, .error = WARNING_ENABLED};
-		rootFlag.erase(0, literal_strlen("error="));
-	} else if (rootFlag.starts_with("no-error=")) {
-		// `-Wno-error=<flag>` prevents the flag from being an error,
-		// without affecting whether it is enabled
-		state = {.state = WARNING_DEFAULT, .error = WARNING_DISABLED};
-		rootFlag.erase(0, literal_strlen("no-error="));
-	} else if (rootFlag.starts_with("no-")) {
-		// `-Wno-<flag>` disables the flag
-		state = {.state = WARNING_DISABLED, .error = WARNING_DEFAULT};
-		rootFlag.erase(0, literal_strlen("no-"));
-	} else {
-		// `-W<flag>` enables the flag
-		state = {.state = WARNING_ENABLED, .error = WARNING_DEFAULT};
-	}
-
-	// Check for an `=` parameter to process as a parametric warning
-	// `-Wno-<flag>` and `-Wno-error=<flag>` negation cannot have an `=` parameter, but without a
-	// parameter, the 0 value will apply to all levels of a parametric warning
-	uint8_t param = 0;
-	bool hasParam = false;
-	if (state.state == WARNING_ENABLED) {
-		// First, check if there is an "equals" sign followed by a decimal number
-		// Ignore an equal sign at the very end of the string
-		if (auto equals = rootFlag.find('=');
-		    equals != rootFlag.npos && equals != rootFlag.size() - 1) {
-			hasParam = true;
-
-			// Is the rest of the string a decimal number?
-			// We want to avoid `strtoul`'s whitespace and sign, so we parse manually
-			char const *ptr = rootFlag.c_str() + equals + 1;
-			bool warned = false;
-
-			// The `if`'s condition above ensures that this will run at least once
-			do {
-				// If we don't have a digit, bail
-				if (*ptr < '0' || *ptr > '9') {
-					break;
-				}
-				// Avoid overflowing!
-				if (param > UINT8_MAX - (*ptr - '0')) {
-					if (!warned) {
-						warnx("Invalid warning flag \"%s\": capping parameter at 255", flag);
-					}
-					warned = true; // Only warn once, cap always
-					param = 255;
-					continue;
-				}
-				param = param * 10 + (*ptr - '0');
-
-				ptr++;
-			} while (*ptr);
-
-			// If we reached the end of the string, truncate it at the '='
-			if (*ptr == '\0') {
-				rootFlag.resize(equals);
-				// `-W<flag>=0` is equivalent to `-Wno-<flag>`
-				if (param == 0) {
-					state.state = WARNING_DISABLED;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Try to match the flag against a parametric warning
-	// If there was an equals sign, it will have set `param`; if not, `param` will be 0, which
-	// applies to all levels
-	for (auto const &paramWarning : paramWarnings) {
-		WarningID baseID = paramWarning.firstID;
-		uint8_t maxParam = paramWarning.lastID - baseID + 1;
-		assume(paramWarning.defaultLevel <= maxParam);
-
-		if (rootFlag == warningFlags[baseID].name) { // Match!
-			if (rootFlag == "numeric-string") {
-				warning(WARNING_OBSOLETE, "Warning flag \"numeric-string\" is deprecated\n");
-			}
-
-			// If making the warning an error but param is 0, set to the maximum
-			// This accommodates `-Werror=<flag>`, but also `-Werror=<flag>=0`, which is
-			// thus filtered out by the caller.
-			// A param of 0 makes sense for disabling everything, but neither for
-			// enabling nor "erroring". Use the default for those.
-			if (param == 0) {
-				param = paramWarning.defaultLevel;
-			} else if (param > maxParam) {
-				if (param != 255) { // Don't warn if already capped
-					warnx(
-					    "Invalid parameter %" PRIu8
-					    " for warning flag \"%s\"; capping at maximum %" PRIu8,
-					    param,
-					    rootFlag.c_str(),
-					    maxParam
-					);
-				}
-				param = maxParam;
-			}
-
-			// Set the first <param> to enabled/error, and disable the rest
-			for (uint8_t ofs = 0; ofs < maxParam; ofs++) {
-				WarningState &warning = warningStates.flagStates[baseID + ofs];
-				if (ofs < param) {
-					warning.update(state);
-				} else {
-					warning.state = WARNING_DISABLED;
-				}
-			}
-			return;
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Try to match against a non-parametric warning, unless there was an equals sign
-	if (!hasParam) {
-		// Try to match against a "meta" warning
-		for (WarningFlag const &metaWarning : metaWarnings) {
-			if (rootFlag == metaWarning.name) {
-				// Set each of the warning flags that meets this level
-				for (WarningID id : EnumSeq(NB_WARNINGS)) {
-					if (metaWarning.level >= warningFlags[id].level) {
-						warningStates.metaStates[id].update(state);
-					}
-				}
-				return;
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Try to match the flag against a "normal" flag
-		for (WarningID id : EnumSeq(NB_PLAIN_WARNINGS)) {
-			if (rootFlag == warningFlags[id].name) {
-				warningStates.flagStates[id].update(state);
-				return;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	warnx("Unknown warning flag \"%s\"", flag);
-}
 
 void printDiag(
     char const *fmt, va_list args, char const *type, char const *flagfmt, char const *flag
@@ -338,12 +108,12 @@ void fatalerror(char const *fmt, ...) {
 }
 
 void warning(WarningID id, char const *fmt, ...) {
-	char const *flag = warningFlags[id].name;
+	char const *flag = warnings.warningFlags[id].name;
 	va_list args;
 
 	va_start(args, fmt);
 
-	switch (getWarningBehavior(id)) {
+	switch (warnings.getWarningBehavior(id)) {
 	case WarningBehavior::DISABLED:
 		break;
 

src/diagnostics.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#include "diagnostics.hpp"
+
+void WarningState::update(WarningState other) {
+	if (other.state != WARNING_DEFAULT) {
+		state = other.state;
+	}
+	if (other.error != WARNING_DEFAULT) {
+		error = other.error;
+	}
+}
+
+std::pair<WarningState, std::optional<uint8_t>> getInitialWarningState(std::string &flag) {
+	// Check for prefixes that affect what the flag does
+	WarningState state;
+	if (flag.starts_with("error=")) {
+		// `-Werror=<flag>` enables the flag as an error
+		state = {.state = WARNING_ENABLED, .error = WARNING_ENABLED};
+		flag.erase(0, literal_strlen("error="));
+	} else if (flag.starts_with("no-error=")) {
+		// `-Wno-error=<flag>` prevents the flag from being an error,
+		// without affecting whether it is enabled
+		state = {.state = WARNING_DEFAULT, .error = WARNING_DISABLED};
+		flag.erase(0, literal_strlen("no-error="));
+	} else if (flag.starts_with("no-")) {
+		// `-Wno-<flag>` disables the flag
+		state = {.state = WARNING_DISABLED, .error = WARNING_DEFAULT};
+		flag.erase(0, literal_strlen("no-"));
+	} else {
+		// `-W<flag>` enables the flag
+		state = {.state = WARNING_ENABLED, .error = WARNING_DEFAULT};
+	}
+
+	// Check for an `=` parameter to process as a parametric warning
+	// `-Wno-<flag>` and `-Wno-error=<flag>` negation cannot have an `=` parameter, but without a
+	// parameter, the 0 value will apply to all levels of a parametric warning
+	uint8_t param = 0;
+	bool hasParam = false;
+	if (state.state == WARNING_ENABLED) {
+		// First, check if there is an "equals" sign followed by a decimal number
+		// Ignore an equal sign at the very end of the string
+		if (auto equals = flag.find('='); equals != flag.npos && equals != flag.size() - 1) {
+			hasParam = true;
+
+			// Is the rest of the string a decimal number?
+			// We want to avoid `strtoul`'s whitespace and sign, so we parse manually
+			char const *ptr = flag.c_str() + equals + 1;
+			bool warned = false;
+
+			// The `if`'s condition above ensures that this will run at least once
+			do {
+				// If we don't have a digit, bail
+				if (*ptr < '0' || *ptr > '9') {
+					break;
+				}
+				// Avoid overflowing!
+				if (param > UINT8_MAX - (*ptr - '0')) {
+					if (!warned) {
+						warnx(
+						    "Invalid warning flag \"%s\": capping parameter at 255", flag.c_str()
+						);
+					}
+					warned = true; // Only warn once, cap always
+					param = 255;
+					continue;
+				}
+				param = param * 10 + (*ptr - '0');
+
+				ptr++;
+			} while (*ptr);
+
+			// If we reached the end of the string, truncate it at the '='
+			if (*ptr == '\0') {
+				flag.resize(equals);
+				// `-W<flag>=0` is equivalent to `-Wno-<flag>`
+				if (param == 0) {
+					state.state = WARNING_DISABLED;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (hasParam) {
+		return {state, param};
+	}
+	return {state, std::nullopt};
+}

src/link/main.cpp

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ void fatal(FileStackNode const *where, uint32_t lineNo, char const *fmt, ...) {
 }
 
 // Short options
-static char const *optstring = "dhl:m:Mn:O:o:p:S:tVvWwx";
+static char const *optstring = "dhl:m:Mn:O:o:p:S:tVvwx";
 
 // Equivalent long options
 // Please keep in the same order as short opts.