'\" e
.\"
.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
.\"
.Dd September 30, 2025
.Dt RGBASM-OLD 5
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm rgbasm-old
.Nd obsolete language documentation
.Sh DESCRIPTION
This is the list of features that have been removed from the
.Xr rgbasm 5
assembly language over its decades of evolution, along with their modern alternatives.
Its goal is to be a reference for backwards incompatibility, when upgrading an old assembly codebase to work with the latest RGBDS release.
It does
.Em not
attempt to list every syntax bug that was ever fixed (with some notable exceptions), nor new reserved keywords that may conflict with old identifiers.
.Sh REMOVED
These are features which have been completely removed, without any direct alternatives.
Usually these features were limiting the addition of other features, or had awkward limits on their own intended effects.
.Ss Automatic LD to LDH conversion (rgbasm -l)
Deprecated in 0.7.0, removed in 0.8.0.
.Pp
.Xr rgbasm 1
used to automatically treat
.Ql LD
as
.Ql LDH
if the address was known to be in the
.Ad $FF00-$FFFF
range, with the
.Fl L
flag to opt out.
.Xr rgbasm 1
0.6.0 added a
.Fl l
flag to opt in instead.
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ql LDH ,
and remove the
.Fl L
and
.Fl l
flags from
.Xr rgbasm 1 .
.Ss Automatic NOP after HALT (rgbasm -H)
Deprecated in 0.7.0, removed in 0.8.0.
.Pp
.Xr rgbasm 1
used to automatically insert a
.Ql NOP
after
.Ql HALT ,
with the
.Fl h
flag to opt out.
.Xr rgbasm 1
0.6.0 added a
.Fl H
flag to opt in instead.
.Pp
Instead, use an explicit
.Ql NOP
after
.Ql HALT ,
and remove the
.Fl h
and
.Fl H
flags from
.Xr rgbasm 1 .
.Ss Nested macro definitions
Removed in 0.4.2.
.Pp
Instead, put the nested macro definition inside a quoted string (making sure that none of its lines start with
.Ic ENDM ) ,
then interpolate that string.
For example:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
MACRO outer
    DEF definition EQUS """
        MACRO inner
            println (\e1) - (\e\e1)
        \enENDM"""
    {definition}
    PURGE definition
ENDM
    outer 10
    inner 3 ; prints 7
.Ed
.Ss Negative DS
Removed in 0.3.2.
.Pp
This was used to "rewind" the value of
.Ic @
in RAM sections, allowing labeled space allocations to overlap.
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ic UNION .
.Ss Section-local charmaps
Deprecated in 0.3.9, removed in 0.4.0.
.Pp
Defining a
.Ic CHARMAP
inside a
.Ic SECTION
when the current global charmap was the
.Sq main
one used to only define that character mapping within that
.Ic SECTION .
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ic PUSHC
and
.Ic POPC
and switch to a different character mapping for that section.
.Ss __FILE__ and __LINE__
Deprecated in 0.6.0, removed in 0.7.0.
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ic WARN
or
.Ic FAIL
to print a complete trace of filenames and line numbers.
.Ss _PI
Deprecated in 0.5.0, removed in 0.6.0.
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ql 3.141592653 .
.Ss __DATE__ and __TIME__
Deprecated in 1.0.0.
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ql __ISO_8601_LOCAL__ .
.Ss Treating multi-character strings as numbers
Deprecated in 0.9.0, removed in 1.0.0.
.Pp
Instead, use a multi-value
.Ic CHARMAP ,
or explicitly combine the values of individual characters.
.Ss Treating strings as numbers
Deprecated in 1.0.0.
.Pp
Instead, use character constants or the
.Ic CHARVAL
function.
.Ss rgbgfx -f/--fix and -F/--fix-and-save
Removed in 0.6.0.
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ql rgbgfx -c/--colors
to explicitly specify a color palette.
If using
.Ql -c embedded ,
arrange the PNG's indexed palette in a separate graphics editor.
.Ss rgbgfx -D/--debug
Removed in 0.6.0.
.Sh REPLACED
These are features whose syntax has been changed without affecting functionality.
They can generally be updated with a single search-and-replace.
.Ss Defining constants and variables without DEF
Deprecated in 0.7.0, removed in 0.8.0.
.Pp
.Ic EQU , EQUS , = , RB , RW ,
and
.Ic RL
definitions used to just start with the symbol name, but had to be typed in column 1.
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ic DEF
before constant and variable definitions.
Note that
.Ic EQUS
expansion does not occur for the symbol name, so you have to use explicit
.Ql {interpolation} .
.Ss Defining macros like labels
Deprecated in 0.6.0, removed in 0.7.0.
.Pp
Macros used to be defined as
.Ql name: MACRO .
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ql MACRO name .
Note that
.Ic EQUS
expansion does not occur for the macro name, so you have to use explicit
.Ql {interpolation} .
.Ss Defining variables with SET
Deprecated in 0.5.2, removed in 0.6.0.
.Pp
Variables used to be defined as
.Ql name SET value .
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ql DEF name = value .
.Ss Global labels without colons
Deprecated in 0.4.0, removed in 0.5.0.
.Pp
Labels used to be definable with just a name, but had to be typed in column 1.
.Pp
Instead, use explicit colons; for example,
.Ql Label:
or exported
.Ql Label:: .
.Ss '\e,' in strings within macro arguments
Deprecated in 0.5.0, removed in 0.7.0.
.Pp
Macro arguments now handle quoted strings and parenthesized expressions as single arguments, so commas inside them are not argument separators and do not need escaping.
.Pp
Instead, just use commas without backslashes.
.Ss '*' comments
Deprecated in 0.4.1, removed in 0.5.0.
.Pp
These comments had to have the
.Ql *
typed in column 1.
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ql \&;
comments.
.Ss STRIN, STRRIN, STRSUB, and CHARSUB
Deprecated in 1.0.0.
.Pp
These functions used 1-based indexing of string characters, which was inconsistent with the 0-based indexing used more often in programming.
.Pp
Instead of
.Ic STRIN ,
use
.Ic STRFIND ;
instead of
.Ic STRRIN ,
use
.Ic STRRFIND ;
instead of
.Ic STRSUB ,
use
.Ic STRSLICE ;
and instead of
.Ic CHARSUB ,
use
.Ic  STRCHAR .
.Pp
Note that
.Ic STRSLICE
takes a start and end index instead of a start index and a length.
.Ss PRINTT, PRINTI, PRINTV, and PRINTF
Deprecated in 0.5.0, removed in 0.6.0.
.Pp
These directives were each specific to one type of value.
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ic PRINT
and
.Ic PRINTLN ,
with
.Ic STRFMT
or
.Ql {interpolation}
for type-specific formatting.
.Ss IMPORT and XREF
Removed in 0.4.0.
.Pp
Symbols are now automatically resolved if they were exported from elsewhere.
.Pp
Instead, just remove these directives.
.Ss GLOBAL and XDEF
Deprecated in 0.4.2, removed in 0.5.0.
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ic EXPORT .
.Ss HOME, CODE, DATA, and BSS
Deprecated in 0.3.0, removed in 0.4.0.
.Pp
Instead of
.Ic HOME ,
use
.Ic ROM0 ;
instead of
.Ic CODE
and
.Ic DATA ,
use
.Ic ROMX ;
and instead of
.Ic BSS ,
use
.Ic  WRAM0 .
.Ss JP [HL]
Deprecated in 0.3.0, removed in 0.4.0.
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ql JP HL .
.Ss LDI A, HL and LDD A, HL
Deprecated in 0.3.0, removed in 0.4.0.
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ql LDI A, [HL]
and
.Ql LDD A, [HL]
(or
.Ql LD A, [HLI]
and
.Ql LD A, [HLD] ;
or
.Ql LD A, [HL+]
and
.Ql LD A, [HL-] ) .
.Ss LDIO
Deprecated in 0.9.0, removed in 1.0.0.
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ql LDH .
.Ss LD [C], A and LD A, [C]
Deprecated in 0.9.0, removed in 1.0.0.
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ql LDH [C], A
and
.Ql LDH A, [C] .
.Pp
Note that
.Ql LD [$FF00+C], A
and
.Ql LD A, [$FF00+C]
were also deprecated in 0.9.0, but were
.Em undeprecated
in 0.9.1.
.Ss LDH [n8], A and LDH A, [n8]
Deprecated in 0.9.0, removed in 1.0.0.
.Pp
.Ql LDH
used to treat "addresses" from
.Ad $00
to
.Ad $FF
as if they were the low byte of an address from
.Ad $FF00
to
.Ad $FFFF .
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ql LDH [n16], A
and
.Ql LDH A, [n16] .
.Ss LD HL, [SP + e8]
Deprecated in 0.3.0, removed in 0.4.0.
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ql LD HL, SP + e8 .
.Ss LDHL SP, e8
Supported in ASMotor, removed in RGBDS.
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ql LD HL, SP + e8 .
.Ss OPT z
Deprecated in 0.4.0, removed in 0.5.0.
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ic OPT p .
.Ss rgbasm -i
Deprecated in 0.6.0, removed in 0.8.0.
.Pp
Instead, use
.Fl I
or
.Fl \-include .
.Ss rgbfix -O/--overwrite
Deprecated in 1.0.0.
.Pp
Instead, use
.Dl -Wno-overwrite .
.Ss rgbgfx -h/--horizontal
Removed in 0.6.0.
.Pp
Instead, use
.Fl Z
or
.Fl \-columns .
.Ss rgbgfx --output-*
Deprecated in 0.7.0, removed in 0.8.0.
.Pp
Instead, use
.Fl \-auto-* .
.Sh CHANGED
These are breaking changes that did not alter syntax, and so could not practically be deprecated.
.Ss Trigonometry function units
Changed in 0.6.0.
.Pp
Instead of dividing a circle into 65536.0 "binary degrees", it is now divided into 1.0 "turns".
.Pp
For example, previously we had:
.EQ
delim $$
.EN
.Bl -bullet -offset indent
.It
.Ql SIN(0.25) == 0.00002 ,
because 0.25 binary degrees = $0.25 / 65536.0$ turns = $0.000004 tau$ radians = $0.000008 pi$ radians, and $sin ( 0.000008 pi ) = 0.00002$
.It
.Ql SIN(16384.0) == 1.0 ,
because 16384.0 binary degrees = $16384.0 / 65536.0$ turns = $0.25 tau$ radians = $pi / 2$ radians, and $sin ( pi / 2 ) = 1$
.It
.Ql ASIN(1.0) == 16384.0
.El
.Pp
Instead, now we have:
.Bl -bullet -offset indent
.It
.Ql SIN(0.25) == 1.0 ,
because $0.25$ turns = $0.25 tau$ radians = $pi / 2$ radians, and $sin ( pi / 2 ) = 1$
.It
.Ql SIN(16384.0) == 0.0 ,
because $16384$ turns = $16384 tau$ radians = $32768 pi$ radians, and $sin ( 32768 pi ) = 0$
.It
.Ql ASIN(1.0) == 0.25
.El
.EQ
delim off
.EN
.Ss % operator behavior with negative dividend or divisor
Changed in 0.5.0.
.Pp
Instead of having the same sign as the dividend (a remainder operation),
.Ql %
has the same sign as the divisor (a modulo operation).
.Pp
For example, previously we had:
.Bl -bullet -offset indent
.It
.Ql 13 % 10 == 3
.It
.Ql -13 % 10 == -3
.It
.Ql 13 % -10 == 3
.It
.Ql -13 % -10 == -3
.El
.Pp
Instead, now we have:
.Bl -bullet -offset indent
.It
.Ql 13 % 10 == 3
.It
.Ql -13 % 10 == 7
.It
.Ql 13 % -10 == -7
.It
.Ql -13 % -10 == -3
.El
.Ss ** operator associativity
Changed in 0.9.0.
.Pp
Instead of being left-associative,
.Ql **
is now right-associative.
.Pp
Previously we had
.Ql p ** q ** r == (p ** q) ** r .
.Pp
Instead, now we have
.Ql p ** q ** r == p ** (q ** r) .
.Ss 8-bit and 5-bit color conversion
Changed in 1.0.0.
.Pp
RGBGFX takes 8-bit RGB colors as its PNG input, and outputs 5-bit GBC colors.
Its
.Ql -r/--reverse
mode does the opposite 5-bit to 8-bit conversion.
Instead of the previous inaccurate conversions, we now do accurate rounding to the nearest equivalent.
.Pp
Previously to convert an 8-bit color channel to 5-bit, we truncated it as
.Ql c >> 3 ;
and to reverse a 5-bit color channel to 8-bit, we extended it as
.Ql (c << 3) | (c >> 2) .
.Pp
Instead, now we round 8-bit to 5-bit as
.Ql (c * 31 + 127) / 255 ,
and round 5-bit to 8-bit as
.Ql (c * 255 + 15) / 31 .
.Sh BUGS
These are misfeatures that may have been possible by mistake.
They do not get deprecated, just fixed.
.Ss Space between exported labels' colons
Fixed in 0.7.0.
.Pp
Labels with two colons used to ignore a space between them; for example,
.Ql Label:\ : .
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ql Label:: .
.Ss Space between label and colon
Fixed in 0.9.0.
.Pp
Space between a label and its colon(s) used to be ignored; for example,
.Ql Label\ :
and
.Ql Label\ :: .
Now they are treated as invocations of the
.Ql Label
macro with
.Ql \&:
and
.Ql ::
as arguments.
.Pp
Instead, use
.Ql Label:
and
.Ql Label:: .
.Ss Extra underscores in integer constants
Fixed in 1.0.0.
.Pp
Underscores, the optional digit separators in integer constants, used to allow more than one in sequence, or trailing without digits on either side.
Now only one underscore is allowed between two digits, or between the base prefix and a digit, or between a digit and the
.Ql q
fixed-point precision suffix.
.Ss ADD r16 with implicit first HL operand
Fixed in 0.5.0.
.Pp
For example,
.Ql ADD BC
used to be treated as
.Ql ADD HL, BC ,
and likewise for
.Ql DE ,
.Ql HL ,
and
.Ql SP .
.Pp
Instead, use an explicit first
.Ql HL
operand.
.Ss = instead of SET
Fixed in 0.4.0.
.Pp
The
.Ic =
operator used to be an alias for the
.Ic SET
keyword, which included using
.Ic =
for the
.Ic SET
.Em instruction .
.Pp
Instead, just use
.Ic SET
for the instruction.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr rgbasm 1 ,
.Xr gbz80 7 ,
.Xr rgbds 5 ,
.Xr rgbds 7
.Sh HISTORY
.Xr rgbasm 1
was originally written by
.An Carsten S\(/orensen
as part of the ASMotor package, and was later repackaged in RGBDS by
.An Justin Lloyd .
It is now maintained by a number of contributors at
.Lk https://github.com/gbdev/rgbds .