doc: explain why location's "column" are defined vaguely

Suuggested by Frank Heckenbach.
<https://lists.gnu.org/r/bug-bison/2022-01/msg00000.html>

* doc/bison.texi (Location Type): Explain why location's "column" are
defined vaguely.
Show tab handling in ltcalc and calc++.
* examples/c/bistromathic/parse.y: Show tab handling.
* examples/c++/calc++/calc++.test,
* examples/c/bistromathic/bistromathic.test:
Check tab handling.

doc/bison.texi

@@ -2365,6 +2365,8 @@ analyzer.
 * Ltcalc Lexer::           The lexical analyzer.
 @end menu
 
+See @ref{Tracking Locations} for details about locations.
+
 @node Ltcalc Declarations
 @subsection Declarations for @code{ltcalc}
 
@@ -2488,7 +2490,7 @@ yylex (void)
 @group
   /* Skip white space. */
   while ((c = getchar ()) == ' ' || c == '\t')
-    ++yylloc.last_column;
+    yylloc.last_column += c == '\t' ? 8 - ((yylloc.last_column - 1) & 7) : 1;
 @end group
 
 @group
@@ -4751,6 +4753,33 @@ to 1 for @code{yylloc} at the beginning of the parsing.  To initialize
 initialization), use the @code{%initial-action} directive.  @xref{Initial
 Action Decl}.
 
+@sp 1
+
+@cindex column
+The meaning of ``column'' is deliberately left vague since there are several
+options, depending on the use cases.
+
+With multibyte input (say UTF-8), simply counting the number of bytes does
+not match character positions on the screen.  One needs advanced functions
+mapping multibyte characters to their visual width (see for instance
+Gnulib's @code{mbswidth} and @code{mbsnwidth} functions).  Tabulation
+characters probably need a dedicated implementation, to match the ``go to
+next multiple of 8'' behavior.
+
+However to quote input in error messages, as @command{bison} does:
+
+@example
+@group
+1.10-12: @derror{error}: invalid identifier: ‘3.8’
+    1 | %require @derror{3.8}
+      |          @derror{^~~}
+@end group
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+then byte positions are more handy.  So in some cases, tracking both visual
+character position @emph{and} byte position is the best option.  This is
+what @command{bison} does.
 
 @node Actions and Locations
 @subsection Actions and Locations
@@ -13776,8 +13805,14 @@ the blanks preceding tokens.  Comments would be treated equally.
 @example
 @group
 %@{
+  // Take 8-space tabulations into account.
+  void add_columns (yy::location& loc, const char *buf, int bufsize)
+  @{
+    for (int i = 0; i < bufsize; ++i)
+      loc.columns (buf[i] == '\t' ? 8 - ((loc.end.column - 1) & 7) : 1);
+  @}
   // Code run each time a pattern is matched.
-  # define YY_USER_ACTION  loc.columns (yyleng);
+  #define YY_USER_ACTION  add_columns (loc, yytext, yyleng);
 %@}
 @end group
 %%

examples/c++/calc++/calc++.test

@@ -50,6 +50,21 @@ EOF
 run 1 'err: -:2.1: syntax error, unexpected end of file, expecting ( or identifier or number'
 
 
+# Check handling of tabs.
+cat >input <<EOF
+        *1
+EOF
+run 1 'err: -:1.9: syntax error, unexpected *, expecting ( or identifier or number'
+cat >input <<EOF
+	*2
+EOF
+run 1 'err: -:1.9: syntax error, unexpected *, expecting ( or identifier or number'
+cat >input <<EOF
+       	*3
+EOF
+run 1 'err: -:1.9: syntax error, unexpected *, expecting ( or identifier or number'
+
+
 # LAC finds many more tokens.
 cat >input <<EOF
 a := 1

examples/c/bistromathic/bistromathic.test

@@ -366,3 +366,26 @@ err: 1.15: syntax error: expected - or ( or number or function or variable befor
 err:     1 | (1++2) + 3 +  ''
 err:       |               ^
 '
+
+# Check handling of literal tabs.  "Escape" them with a C-v, so that
+# they are not processed as completion requests.
+cat >input<<EOF
+        *1
+	*2
+     	*3
+EOF
+# readline processes the tabs itself, and replaces then with spaces.
+run -n 0 '>         *1
+>       *2
+>       *3
+> ''
+err: 1.9: syntax error: expected end of file or - or ( or exit or number or function etc., before *
+err:     1 |         *1
+err:       |         ^
+err: 2.9: syntax error: expected end of file or - or ( or exit or number or function etc., before *
+err:     2 | 	*2
+err:       |         ^
+err: 3.9: syntax error: expected end of file or - or ( or exit or number or function etc., before *
+err:     3 |      	*3
+err:       |         ^
+'

examples/c/bistromathic/parse.y

@@ -308,14 +308,15 @@ yylex (const char **line, YYSTYPE *yylval, YYLTYPE *yylloc,
 {
   int c;
 
-  // Ignore white space, get first nonwhite character.
+  // Get next character, ignore white spaces.
   do {
     // Move the first position onto the last.
     yylloc->first_line = yylloc->last_line;
     yylloc->first_column = yylloc->last_column;
-
-    yylloc->last_column += 1;
     c = *((*line)++);
+    // Tab characters go to the next column multiple of 8.
+    yylloc->last_column +=
+      c == '\t' ? 8 - ((yylloc->last_column - 1) & 7) : 1;
   } while (c == ' ' || c == '\t');
 
   switch (c)